With climate change, regions that experience increased duration and frequency of drought will have a decline in food production. Shifting patterns of precipitation associated with rising temperatures will go on to intensify wildfires therefore reducing food production and accelerating depletion of irrigation water and expand distribution of pests and diseases for both livestock and crops.

While other regions may experience conditions suitable for alternative or expanded crop production, overall, the yields of major crops will decline due to a rise in temperatures and lack of water, pest and disease outbreaks and soil erosion.

Under long periods of climate change, irrigated land is expected to decrease as a result of diminishing profits from the crops relying on irrigation as well as decreasing water resources. Supplies of groundwater are also bound to experience decline across major regions. The supplies are especially vulnerable to precipitation shifts and demand more from other non-agricultural sectors.

Climate change is also bound to lead to large shifts in prices and availability of agricultural products globally. Researchers have however emphasized that strategies can be put in place to deal with the adverse effects. They include, modifying inputs used in production, altering produce, using new technologies and altering strategies in management. These strategies however would need sufficient short and long-term investment to be fully functional.